Several tectonic plates make up the lithosphere of the Earth. These plates move at various speeds compared to one another over the asthenosphere. These forces cause the plates to shift and rupture, which results in the development of new plate boundaries. At a pace of almost one inch every year, they are getting farther apart. It is taking place along the zone of regional vulnerability that extends from Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia.
A new ocean basin will be formed as a result of three tectonic plates steadily separating from one another, splitting Africa into two, and transforming the continental rift into an oceanic rift, according to scientists. The splitting of the Somali and Nubian plates will occur after at least 5–10 million years of formation.
In the Ethiopian desert, there is a 35-mile-long fissure, and there have previously been some sizable fractures in Kenya. Due to their same continental plate, it is anticipated to reach Israel's Sinai. This typically occurs when rifts expand as a result of a hot climate. Tectonic mobility and volcanic activity are closely related in East Africa.
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